![]() In the 1950s and 1960s, people from places that the United Kingdom once ruled as colonies-such as Jamaica in the Caribbean, Nigeria in Africa, and India in Asia-came to the country to work. (Both came from mainland Europe.)Īfter the end of World War II in 1945, thousands of refugees from other war-torn European countries settled in the U.K. 43, and Viking warriors, who landed in A.D. citizens were Roman invaders, who arrived in A.D. Many people from the United Kingdom are descendants of Celtic migrants from central Europe who arrived in the U.K. Rolling hills and plains dot the countryside of both Northern Ireland and England. It stretches 20 miles long and nine miles wide. The largest freshwater lake by surface area in the U.K., Lough Neagh (pronounced LOCK NEE), is in Northern Ireland. (Legends say that a giant monster called Nessie lives in Loch Ness in this region, also called the Scottish Highlands.) ![]() ![]() Long and narrow, some of the lochs are very deep. When the Ice Age glaciers melted in northwest Scotland, they left behind thousands of lakes, called lochs (pronounced LOCKS). This terrain was shaped some 20,000 years ago during the last Ice Age, when thick glaciers covered the land. and are covered in knife-edged mountain ridges separated by deep valleys. Scotland and Wales are the most mountainous parts of the U.K. in 1937.) Northern Ireland is just 12 miles from the island of Great Britain, across the North Channel of the Irish Sea. (South of Northern Ireland is the separate country of Ireland, which gained its independence from the U.K. also includes Northern Ireland, which is on another island. The biggest part of the United Kingdom (also called the U.K.) is the island of Great Britain, which is made up of England, Wales, and Scotland.
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